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- Adv. R. P. Rathod.
Advocate High Court, Mumbai.Adv. R. P. Rathodhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03252274044322684563noreply@blogger.comBlogger7125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30333560.post-45350953561493706482011-05-05T18:27:00.000+05:302012-06-15T16:11:10.554+05:30Before Buying a Flat in Mumbai: Maharashtra, you should know the following facts<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: red; letter-spacing: 1pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-large;"><strong>Before Buying a Flat in Mumbai: Maharashtra,</strong></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: red; letter-spacing: 1pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-large;"><strong>you should know the following facts</strong></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><b><i><span style="color: red; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Adv. R. P. Rathod.</span></a></span></i></b></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;">Advocate High Court, Mumbai.</span></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> <span style="font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;">There are so many web pages available on the net which can give you a fair idea about tips on buying a Home / Flat. </span></span></span><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">However, the details which are really very important and vary from country to country or most of the times even city to city do not get discussed. Hence, reading those long articles are just useless and do not serve the purpose. I have tried to incorporate all the information required specifically for buying a home /flat in Mumbai: Maharashtra, India. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;"> I always believe budgeting is most important for any event. Buying a home or making a holiday trip, its always important to assess your cash balance, loan eligibility and personal borrowing. Buying a home generally involves the following tasks:</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/"><span style="color: #7030a0;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Financial Planning. An important key in buying property.</span></span></a></span></b></span></div>
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<span class="MsoHyperlink"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #7030a0; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="color: #7030a0;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Area / Location selection.</span></span></span></a></span></b></span></div>
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<span class="MsoHyperlink"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #7030a0; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">3.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="color: #7030a0;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Finding the Right property & cracking the deal at Right time.</span></span></span></a></span></b></span></div>
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<span class="MsoHyperlink"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #7030a0; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">4.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="color: #7030a0;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Monetary Negotiations.</span></span></span></a></span></b></span></div>
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<span class="MsoHyperlink"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #7030a0; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">5.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="color: #7030a0;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Legal Formalities.</span></span></span></a></span></b></span></div>
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<span class="MsoHyperlink"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #7030a0; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">6.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="color: #7030a0;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Closing the deal.</span></span></span></a></span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">1. Financial Planning:</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> An important key in buying property.</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;"> Check cash / deposits available with you. Talk to your Banker / Home Loan provider about your loan eligibility based on your annual income. </span></span></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">The Do’s and the Don’ts of Financial Planning:</span></span></b></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #7030a0; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10.35pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">Do check before hand what all documents are required for loan processing and disbursing i.e. all the documents required to completely close the deal. Note that various documents are required by Home Loan provider at various stages of loan processing/ disbursement. Make a list of such documents and assess whether they can be obtained. Make you annual expenses plan which should include your annual income from different sources, EMIs, etc. Note that you may need some money for urgent expenses like medical etc.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #7030a0; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10.35pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">Do not borrow beyond your limitation. Financial tension is worst thing in life. While considering the total costs do include Stamp Duty & Registration Fees, expenses at Registrar’s Office, Advocates fees/ charges, Realtor’s commission, etc. </span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #7030a0; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10.35pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">Do ask your realtor/ Agent: How much will be Stamp Duty, Registration Charges, Advocates fees, Realtor’s Commission (it is generally 1% of sale value), charges to Society/ Builder, any other hidden charges. Will there be any charges to be paid to service provider’s like Electricity Authority, Water Supply authority etc. due to change in ownership?</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #7030a0; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10.35pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">If looking for a Home Loan, do some home work about Home Loan interest rates. If you have a good track record with your Banker, you may in some cases negotiate the rate of interest with your Home Loan provider.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #7030a0; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10.35pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">If the property is an old/ resale Flat, have a close look into the physical condition of the flat, if the flat requires some Repairs / Renovations, estimate charges of the same beforehand & also consider as to what are your priorities.</span></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><span style="color: #7030a0; font-size: large; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">2. Area / Location selection:</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #7030a0; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10.35pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">Take a fair idea about prevailing prices of properties in different areas.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #7030a0; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10.35pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">Talk to few other realtors working in those areas. </span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #7030a0; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10.35pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">Browse through the internet. It will be helpful to know about the area and their prevailing prices. </span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #7030a0; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10.35pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">Consult your friend or relative or any other known person who stay in that locality.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #7030a0; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10.35pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">If the area is new or unknown to you, visit the area frequently along with your family. If possible, try doing some shopping in that area. Dine at the local restaurant. Spend some time in Public places like Gardens, etc in that area.</span><span style="font-family: 'Kruti Dev 030'; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><span style="color: #7030a0; font-size: large; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">3. Finding the Right property & cracking the deal at Right time:</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">A skilled Property Consultant can provide you various options in the locality which fits into your financial budget. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">Searching for a property on net can be a waste of time. These searches are very general and lack complete details of the property. Most of the times the listings are pretty confusing. A realtor can help you finding the reason for difference in price. Hence, check whether the price includes basic cost of flat/ house, club charges, car parking space, power back-up deposit, maintenance deposit, etc. Ask the advertiser what all charges are included and excluded in the price. Asking the following questions about the property you are interest to buy is very important:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">a) </span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">Is the property new or old?</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">b) </span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">Is the property is vacant or occupied?</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">c) </span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">What is the ratio of Super and Covered area of the flat / society?</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">d) </span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">Is there any loan against the property, if yes, the loan amount, name of bank / institution from where the amount borrowed and the process to clear the loan including time duration.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">e)</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> Who, how and when the loan will be cleared?</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">f) </span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">What is the rental value?</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">g)</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> What was the price of the same house / flat sold last year in the same area?</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">h)</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> Within in how many days the payment is to be made?</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">i) </span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">Is the property owned by an individual / joint / firm?</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">j)</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> What is the ratio of payments to be paid? This ratio may vary depending on type of property and also varies on seller to seller.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">k)</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> Number and type of car parking(s).</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">l)</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> Is Power Back available. Please note that a minimum of 15,000/- per KV is being charged towards Power Back-up by the Builder.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">m) </span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">If the property is under construction / not yet registered, as per the prevailing market practices the Builder charges about Rs. 500– 1000/- per Sq. ft as Transfer Charges. (The legality of charging such transfer charges is a different aspect) Get the same clarified, who will bear the cost.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">n)</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> Club charges: In some of the complex, the builder demands club charges whenever there is a change in ownership.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">o)</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> Find what is the rate of monthly maintenance charges in the Society? This is also equally important because it’s your recurring expenditure.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">4. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">Monetary Negotiations:</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">Offer and counter offer is the only way for a good negotiation. However, a skilled and genuine Property Consultant / Broker can guide and help you in negotiating the right price. A good Property Consultant can neither provide you a property at cheaper price nor can sell your property at a higher price. He is always concerned for the benefit of both Buyer and Seller. If the property consultant happens to speak only from the point of view of the seller, do not trust him/ change him. Generally 30 – 45 days time is given to Buyer to make the complete payment of the Sale value.</span></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/"><span style="color: #7030a0;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">5. Legal Formalities:</span></span></a></span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;"> </span></span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #7030a0; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10.35pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">Even if you are not opting for Home Loan, it is always good and advisable to get a Search Report / Legal verification or scrutiny of various documents including the Title Deed done through a </span><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">competent advocate</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">. It will cost just Rs. 2,500/- to Rs. 5,000/- only.</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> Before you purchase a flat, you have to have a title and document search conducted by a competent advocate. You cannot do it yourself. You have to use the services of a competent advocate. It is a professional job to be done with professional assistance.</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #7030a0; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10.35pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">Do take Xerox copies of all the documents at the time of entering into agreement. </span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #7030a0; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10.35pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">Do not hesitate in asking a copy of the ID proof of the person with whom you are entering into Agreement to Sell. Business is Business. </span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #7030a0; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10.35pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">Do not rely on personal reference. </span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #7030a0; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10.35pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">Documentation should be perfect. Get the documentation done from a competent Advocate only.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #7030a0; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10.35pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">No compromise should be made on legal formalities. If you are buying a flat which is under construction, you need to take extra precautions. Generally, you may be bound to borrow loan from the same Home Loan provider from whom the seller has already taken home loan and mortgaged the property. Otherwise, the Seller must clear his Home Loan and get the title deeds from Bank to enable you to take Home Loan from other Loan provider.</span></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><span style="color: #7030a0; font-size: large; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">6. Closing the deal </span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">Once you are making the final payment, get the following documents in original:</span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">a)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Title Deed (in case of home loan the original will be with your Home Loan provider and you will get a copy)</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">b)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Receipt of Registration (original for collecting the Title Deeds later). Generally it may take about a week’s time to get the Original Title Deed from the date of Registration.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">c)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Original Allotment letter.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">d)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">All payment receipts.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">e)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">No due certificate from the Society / Builder.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">f)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Past Electricity / Water bills / Maintenance Bills and receipts, if any.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">g)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Keys of all doors.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">h)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Car Pass / stickers to put on your car.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">i)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Any memberships cards / pass.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">j)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Flat should be in vacant and peaceful possession.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">k)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Do meet your neighbors and let them know you bought the flat and you are the new owner of the flat.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">l)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Intimate the Society / Maintenance office your contact details.</span></span></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">Hope this information will help you buy your Dream Home soon!</span></span></b><br />
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<b><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/" target="_blank" title="Advocate Rathod"><span style="color: red;">- Adv. R. P.
Rathod.<o:p></o:p></span></a></span></i></b></div>
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<span class="MsoHyperlink"><b><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/" target="_blank" title="Advocate Rathod"><span style="color: red;">Advocate High Court, Mumbai.</span></a></span></i></b></span><b><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<br /></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">I am a Lawyer at Mumbai High Court. I practise in Civil Laws: Property, Income Tax, Co-operative Law, Consumer Law are the subject of my interest. I like to do Legal reasearch Works.
If you need any Help from me, post a comment here along with your E-mail address. I shall revert to you as soon as Possible.</div>Adv. R. P. Rathodhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03252274044322684563noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30333560.post-40293630924894698412011-03-07T13:30:00.000+05:302012-06-15T16:11:51.616+05:30Full form of Advocate<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 22pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/"><span style="color: purple; font-family: Calibri;">Full form of Advocate</span></a></span></b><b><span style="color: #373737; font-size: 22pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><b><i><span style="color: red; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/"><span style="color: red;">Adv. R. P. Rathod.</span></a></span></i></b></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;">Advocate High Court, Mumbai.</span></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><span style="color: #373737; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> Generally speaking an Advocate, Lawyer, Attorney, Counsel by whichever name so called is a person who represents others in Court of Law.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><span style="color: #373737; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">ADVOCATE Means Combination of 8 qualities.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: #373737; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">According to Numerology total of Advocate word is 26 = 8. There are 8 letters. There are 4 vowels and 4 consonants in Advocate word.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><span style="color: #373737; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%; text-transform: uppercase;"></span></b></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><span style="color: #373737; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%; text-transform: uppercase;"><br /></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><span style="color: #373737; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%; text-transform: uppercase;">8 means</span></b><b><span style="color: #373737; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">:</span></b><span style="color: #373737; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%; text-transform: uppercase;">Practical endeavors, Status oriented, Power-seeking, High-material goals.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%; text-transform: uppercase;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><span style="color: #373737; font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;">A</span></b><span style="color: #373737; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"> - ablaze</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><span style="color: #373737; font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;">D</span></b><span style="color: #373737; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"> - decuman</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><span style="color: #373737; font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;">V </span></b><span style="color: #373737; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;">- variform </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><span style="color: #373737; font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;">O </span></b><span style="color: #373737; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;">- opaque </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><span style="color: #373737; font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;">C </span></b><span style="color: #373737; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;">- capacity </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><span style="color: #373737; font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;">A </span></b><span style="color: #373737; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;">- acclimatization </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"></span></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/"><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">By - Adv. R. P. Rathod.</span></span></a></span></i></b></div>
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</div><div class="blogger-post-footer">I am a Lawyer at Mumbai High Court. I practise in Civil Laws: Property, Income Tax, Co-operative Law, Consumer Law are the subject of my interest. I like to do Legal reasearch Works.
If you need any Help from me, post a comment here along with your E-mail address. I shall revert to you as soon as Possible.</div>Adv. R. P. Rathodhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03252274044322684563noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30333560.post-50553158969237172982010-03-05T06:00:00.000+05:302012-06-15T16:12:06.321+05:30Court attendance by highly placed persons<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="color: #07519a; font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/"><span style="color: purple; font-family: Calibri;">Court attendance by highly placed persons</span></a></span></b><b><span style="color: #e85f17; font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><b><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/"><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Adv. R. P. Rathod.</span></span></a></span></i></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Advocate High Court, Mumbai.</span></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> It is not understood why politicians, bureaucrats and officers of police department generally as a routine do not attend courts when cases are registered against them or they are summoned as witnesses. There is no rescue and one cannot avoid attending court in any circumstance. Perhaps some times it is advocates who do not give good advice to them. Because of this Umabharati lost it’s C.M.’ ship. She was certainly ill advised. It is always quoted that because of loss of nail the war was lost.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> Once the then President of India had of his own accord appeared before the Court to depose in an Election Petition though he was exempted from appears in courts. The simple principle is that when a summons is issued to such persons in a criminal case then the person may without attending the court concern move an application through an advocate to the court for permanent exemption from appearance and the court usually grants exemption and requires attendance only at the time of examination of the accused and delivery of judgment. If bailable warrant is issued then as a routine also in normal course bail is being granted and there is nothing to worry. They should attend the courts and get bail done and exemption from appearance obtained. There appears to be misunderstanding in these persons that by not appearing in courts they may avoid future calamities. The result is that ultimately the warrants of arrest are being issued and these persons are forced to appear and unwanted criticism through media appears.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> Recently one SIMI extremist was released on bail as person like Home Secretary of state govt. did not attend the court for evidence though he had knowledge of the same. The Home Minister is trying to save him and saying that there was some misunderstanding and wants to justify the act of the Home Secretary. It is not proper and unjustified. The Home Secretary did not intimate the court in proper manner. This also shows the disregard by such highly placed persons. It is to be remembered that order of the court is order and it is to be complied with without any ifs and buts. It is not to question why, it is not to reason why but it is to do or die. If anyone is not satisfied with the order of the court person is at liberty to move proceedings before superior court to set aside the order of the lower court but so long as the order is not set aside it is to be complied with. </span></div>
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<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> What is happening is in spite of the contempt proceedings the officials do not comply with the orders and try to put counter arguments and commit contempt. The government and the law ministers do not take care of the same and see that the orders of the courts are complied with in words and spirit. It is the lethargy of C.Ms. that helps the other ministers, leaders and bureaucrats to ignore the orders of the courts. Such persons deserve jail sentence and fine both. The courts must also be reasonable in granting exemption from appearance, and granting bail to such persons and bailable or non-bailable warrants are not issued unless required.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> Secondly when summons are issued to the highly placed persons who are not expected to open and pursue the mail should be served with summons with a Demy Official Letter of request to make personal knowledge of the summons etcetera as per the provisions of Order 5 Rule 30 of the Code of Civil procedure. This can equally be applied in criminal cases by analogy. This will also help the courts to dispose of the cases quickly.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/"><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">By - Adv. R. P. Rathod.</span></span></a></span></i></b></div>
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<span class="MsoHyperlink"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/"><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Advocate High Court, Mumbai.</span></span></a></span></i></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></i></b></div>
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</div><div class="blogger-post-footer">I am a Lawyer at Mumbai High Court. I practise in Civil Laws: Property, Income Tax, Co-operative Law, Consumer Law are the subject of my interest. I like to do Legal reasearch Works.
If you need any Help from me, post a comment here along with your E-mail address. I shall revert to you as soon as Possible.</div>Adv. R. P. Rathodhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03252274044322684563noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30333560.post-89928599314837609822010-02-16T06:41:00.000+05:302012-06-15T16:13:06.179+05:30Rights and Protection to Senior Citizens<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<strong><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; text-transform: uppercase;">RIGHTS OF SENIOR CITIZENS: NEED OF THE HOUR</span></strong></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><b><i><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/"><span style="color: #7030a0;">Adv. R. P. Rathod.</span></a></span></i></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">Advocate High Court, Mumbai.</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> Ageing is a natural process, which inevitably occurs in human life cycle. It brings with a host of challenges in the life of the elderly, which are mostly engineered by the changes in their body, mind, thought process and the living patterns. Ageing refers to a decline in the functional capacity of the organs of the human body, which occurs mostly due to physiological transformation, it never imply that everything has been finished. The senior citizens constitute a precious reservoir of such human resource as is gifted with knowledge of various sorts, varied experiences and deep insights. May be they have formally retired, yet an overwhelming majority of them are physically fit and mentally alert. Hence, given an appropriate opportunity, they are in a position to make significant contribution to the socio-economic development of their nation.</span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Growing Population:</span></strong><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">The population of the elderly persons has been increasing over the years. As per the UNESCO estimates, the number of the aged(60+) is likely to 590 million in 2005. The figure will double by 2025. By 2025, the world will have more elderly than young people and cross two billion mark by 2050. In India also, the population of elder persons has increased form nearly 2 crores in 1951 to 7.2 crores in 2001. In other words about 8% of the total population is above 60 years. The figure will cross 18 % mark by 2025.</span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Problems of the Aged:</span></strong><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Problems of the aged as follows:</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">(i) Economic problems</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> include such problems as loss of employment, income deficiency and economic insecurity.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(ii) Physical and physiological problems</b> include health and medical problems, nutritional deficiency, and the problem of adequate housing etc.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(iii) Psycho-social problem</b> which cover problems related with their psychological and social maladjustment as well as the problem of elder abuse etc.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> Apart from the above problems, Adv. R. P. Rathod says that there has to be a broad framework for action on ageing. Some of the Principles which should be generally followed are explained as follows:</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(i) </b>Older Persons should have the opportunity to work and determine when to leave the work force.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(ii)</b> Older Persons should remain integrated in society and participate actively in the formulation of policies which affect their well-being.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(iii) </b>Older Persons should have access to health care to help them maintain the optimum level of physical, mental and emotional well-being.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(iv) </b>Older Persons should be able to pursue opportunities for the full development of their potential and have access to educational, cultural, spiritual and recreational resources of society.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(v) </b>Older Persons should be able to live in dignity and security and should be free from exploitation and mental and physical abuse.</span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">India’s National Efforts for Senior Citizens:</span></strong><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">(I)<u> Constitutional Protection</u>:</span></strong><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Art. 41:</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases: The State shall, within the limits of economic capacity and development, make effective provision for securing the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, and in other cases of undeserved want.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Art. 46:</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> Promotion of educational and economic interests of ……. and other weaker sections : The State shall promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people…..and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />However, these provision are included in the Chapter IV i.e., Directive Principles of the Indian Constitution. The Directive Principles, as stated in Article 37, are not enforceable by any court of law. But Directive Principles impose positive obligations on the state, i.e., what it should do. The Directive Principles have been declared to be fundamental in the governance of the country and the state has been placed under an obligation to apply them in making laws. </span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">The courts however cannot enforce a Directive Principle as it does not create any justifiable right in favour of any individual. It is most unfortunate that state has not made even a single Act which is directly related to the elderly persons.</span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">(II) <u>Legal Protections</u>:</span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Under Personal Laws:</span></strong><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">The moral duty to maintain parents is recognized by all people. However, so far as law is concerned, the position and extent of such liability varies from community to community.</span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Hindus Laws:</span></strong><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Amongst the Hindus, the obligation of sons to maintain their aged parents, who were not able to maintain themselves out of their own earning and property, was recognized even in early texts. And this obligation was not dependent upon, or in any way qualified, by a reference to the possession of family property. It was a personal legal obligation enforceable by the sovereign or the state. The statutory provision for maintenance of parents under Hindu personal law is contained in Sec 20 of the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956. This Act is the first personal law statute in India, which imposes an obligation on the children to maintain their parents. As is evident from the wording of the section, the obligation to maintain parents is not confined to sons only, and daughters also have an equal duty towards parents. It is important to note that only those parents who are financially unable to maintain themselves from any source, are entitled to seek maintenance under this Act.</span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Muslim Law:</span></strong><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Children have a duty to maintain their aged parents even under the Muslim law. </span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">According to Mulla :</span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">(a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Children in easy circumstances are bound to maintain their poor parents, although the latter may be able to earn something for themselves.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />(b) A son though in strained circumstances is bound to maintain his mother, if the mother is poor, though she may not be infirm.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">(c) A son, who though poor, is earning something, is bound to support his father who earns nothing. </span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />According to Tyabji, parents and grandparents in indigent circumstances are entitled, under Hanafi law, to maintenance from their children and grandchildren who have the means, even if they are able to earn their livelihood. Both sons and daughters have a duty to maintain their parents under the Muslim law. The obligation, however, is dependent on their having the means to do so.</span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Christian And Parsi Law:</span></strong><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">The Christians and Parsis have no personal laws providing for maintenance for the parents. Parents who wish to seek maintenance have to apply under provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code.</span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">(III) <u>Under The Code Of Criminal Procedure</u>:</span></strong></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Prior to 1973, there was no provision for maintenance of parents under the code. </span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">The Law Commission, however, was not in favour of making such provision. </span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">According to its report:</span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">The Cr.P.C is not the proper place for such a provision. There will be considerably difficulty in the amount of maintenance awarded to parents apportioning amongst the children in a summary proceeding of this type. It is desirable to leave this matter for adjudication by civil courts. </span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />The provision, however, was introduced for the first time in Sec. 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure in 1973. It is also essential that the parent establishes that the other party has sufficient means and has neglected or refused to maintain his, i.e., the parent, who is unable to maintain himself. It is important to note that Cr.P.C 1973, is a secular law and governs persons belonging to all religions and communities. Daughters, including married daughters, also have a duty to maintain their parents.</span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">(IV) <u>Governmental Protections</u>:</span></strong><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">1. This Government policy included the following major steps:</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">(i) Setting up of a pension fund for ensuring security for those persons who have been serving in the unorganized sector,</span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">(ii) Construction of old age homes and day care centers for every 3-4 districts,</span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">(iii) Establishment of resource centers and re-employment bureaus for people above 60 years,</span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">(iv) Concessional rail/air fares for travel within and between cities, i.e.,30% discount in train and 50% in Indian Airlines.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">(v) Enacting legislation for ensuring compulsory geriatric care in all the public hospitals.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">2. The Ministry of Justice and Empowerment has announced regarding the setting up of a National Council for Older Person, called age well Foundation. It will seek opinion of aged on measures to make life easier for them.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">3. Attempts to sensitise school children to live and work with the elderly. Setting up of a round the clock help line and discouraging social ostracism of the older persons are being taken up.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">4. The government policy encourages a prompt settlement of pension, provident fund (PF), gratuity, etc. in order to save the superannuated persons from any hardships. It also encourages to make the taxation policies elder sensitive.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">5. The policy also accords high priority to their health care needs.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">6. According to Sec.88-B, 88-D and 88-DDB of Income Tax Act there are discount in tax for the elderly persons.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">7. Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) has also been providing several scheme for the benefit of aged persons, i.e.,Jeevan Dhara Yojana, Jeevan Akshay Yojana, Senior Citizen Unit Yojana, Medical Insurance Yojana.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">8. Former Prime Minister A.B.Bajpai was also launch ‘Annapurana Yojana’ for the benefit of aged persons. Under this yojana unattended aged persons are being given 10 kg food for every month.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">9. It is proposed to allot 10 percent of the houses constructed under government schemes for the urban and rural lower income segments to the older persons on easy loan. The policy mentions:</span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">The layout of the housing colonies will respond to the needs and life styles of the elderly so that there is no physical barriers to their mobility; they are allotted ground floor; and their social interaction with older society members exists.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Despite all these attempts, there is need to impress upon the elderly about the need to adjust to the changing circumstances in life and try to live harmoniously with the younger generation as for as possible.</span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Conclusions:</span></strong><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> It may be conclude by saying that the problem of the elderly must be addressed to urgently and with utmost care. There is urgent need to amend the Constitution for the special provision to protection of aged person and bring it in the periphery of fundamental right. With the degeneration of joint family system, dislocation of familiar bonds and loss of respect for the aged person, the family in modern times should not be thought to be a secure place for them. Thus, it should be the Constitutional duty of the State to make an Act for the welfare and extra protection of the senior citizen including palliative care.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/"><span style="color: #7030a0;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">By - Adv. R. P. Rathod.</span></span></a></span></i></b></div>
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</div><div class="blogger-post-footer">I am a Lawyer at Mumbai High Court. I practise in Civil Laws: Property, Income Tax, Co-operative Law, Consumer Law are the subject of my interest. I like to do Legal reasearch Works.
If you need any Help from me, post a comment here along with your E-mail address. I shall revert to you as soon as Possible.</div>Adv. R. P. Rathodhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03252274044322684563noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30333560.post-42092532110504496122009-09-10T21:09:00.000+05:302012-06-15T16:13:18.977+05:30Law has to be interpreted with time<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="color: #07519a; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/"><span style="color: purple;">Need of the Hour</span></a><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #07519a; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/"><span style="color: purple;">Law<span style="text-transform: uppercase;"> </span>has to be interpreted with</span></a><span style="color: purple;"> time</span></span></b><b><span style="color: #e85f17; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><b><i><span style="color: red; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/"><span style="color: red;">Adv. R. P. Rathod.</span></a></span></i></b></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;">Advocate High Court, Mumbai.</span></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Law has to be interpreted according to the intention of the legislature and in consonance with the needs of the time. To enforce equitable justice where legislature and executive are found lacking.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">People cannot be left remediless because the act does not provide for a remedy.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Court can interfere to interpret law according to the need of the time but court need to work within limits of the law.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Justice Rakesh Tiwari in CMWP No 69351 69006 69300 69745 of 2006 .Reported in 2007 (69) ALR 318.</span></div>
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</div><div class="blogger-post-footer">I am a Lawyer at Mumbai High Court. I practise in Civil Laws: Property, Income Tax, Co-operative Law, Consumer Law are the subject of my interest. I like to do Legal reasearch Works.
If you need any Help from me, post a comment here along with your E-mail address. I shall revert to you as soon as Possible.</div>Adv. R. P. Rathodhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03252274044322684563noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30333560.post-45478571933934252472009-08-15T09:22:00.000+05:302012-06-15T16:13:34.929+05:30ARREST, SEARCH, BAIL - A GLANCE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/"><span style="color: #00b0f0;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">ARREST, SEARCH, BAIL - A GLANCE</span></span></a></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><i><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/"><span style="color: #00b0f0;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Adv. R. P. Rathod.</span></span></a></span></i></b></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Advocate High Court, Mumbai.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></span></span></i></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FLqAi-at15Y/Tny2hT8GWyI/AAAAAAAAAIA/FLceUqxcsD4/s1600/Arrest.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" hca="true" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FLqAi-at15Y/Tny2hT8GWyI/AAAAAAAAAIA/FLceUqxcsD4/s320/Arrest.bmp" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">When you are arrested, you are taken into custody. This means that you are not free to leave the scene. Without being arrested, you can be detained, however, or held for questioning for a short time if a police officer or other person believes you may be involved in a crime. For example, an officer may detain you if you are carrying a large box near a burglary site. You can also be detained by storekeepers if they suspect you have stolen something says Adv. R.P.Rathod.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> Whether you are arrested or detained, you do not have to answer any questions except to give your name and address and show some identification if requested.</span></div>
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<a name='more'></a><span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /><b><u>What rights do I have?</u></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> Whether you are an adult citizen or non-citizen, you have certain rights if you are arrested. Before the law enforcement officer questions you, he or she should generally tell you that:</span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">You have the right to remain silent. </span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">Anything you say may be used against you. </span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">You have a right to have a lawyer present while you are questioned. </span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">If you cannot afford a lawyer, one will be appointed for you. </span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">These are your rights, guaranteed by the Constitution</b>. If you are not given these warnings, your lawyer can ask that any statements you made to the police not be used against you in court. But this does not necessarily mean that your case will be dismissed. This does not apply if you volunteer information without being questioned by the police.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /><b><u>Once I Am Told My Rights, Can I Be Questioned?</u></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> You can be questioned, without a lawyer present, only if you voluntarily give up your rights and if you understand what you are giving up. If you agree to the questioning, then change your mind, questioning must stop as soon as you say that you want a lawyer. If the questioning continues after you request a lawyer and you continue to talk, your answers can be used against you if you testify to something different. You may be required to give certain physical evidence. For example, if you are suspected of driving under the influence of alcohol you may be requested to take a test to measure the amount of alcohol in your system. If you refuse to take the test, your driver's license will be suspended and the refusal will be used against you in court. Once you are booked, meaning your arrest is written into official police records and you are fingerprinted and photographed, you have a right to make and complete three telephone calls that are free within the local dialing area.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /><b><u>When Should I See A Lawyer?</u></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> If you are arrested for a crime, particularly a serious one, you should contact a lawyer as soon as possible. He or she has a better sense of what you should and should not say to law enforcement officers to avoid being misinterpreted or misunderstood. The lawyer also can advise you or your family or friends on the bail process.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /><b><u>Who Can Arrest Me?</u></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> All law enforcement officers - such as police officers, investigators in a district attorney's or an attorney general's offices and highway patrol officers - can arrest you whether they are on or off duty, in most cases.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> They can arrest you - even if they do not have an arrest warrant, if they have probable cause or good reason to believe you committed a felony, such as armed robbery. (A felony is a crime of a more serious nature than a misdemeanor, usually punishable by imprisonment for more than a year.) They do not have to see you commit a felony in order to arrest you. They do, however, have to see you commit a misdemeanor in order to arrest you.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> If you commit an infraction, instead of taking you into custody, they may ask to sign a citation or notice. This is a minor offense, such as a moving violation, where the punishment usually is a fine. If you sign the citation, you are not admitting guilt; you are only promising to appear in court. If you have no identification or refuse to sign, however, an officer may take you into custody.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /><b><u>Can Someone Other than A Police Officer Arrest Me?</u></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> Any person, such as a private security guard, can make a citizen's arrest if they see a misdemeanor being attempted or committed. (A misdemeanor is a criminal offense, usually punishable with a fine or short jail term.) They also can make a legal arrest for a felony as long as it actually was committed and they have good reason to believe you did it. They must take you to a police officer or judge who is required by law to take you into custody.</span></div>
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<b><u><span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">When Is An Arrest Warrant Used?</span></u></b><span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> Usually a warrant is required before you can be taken into custody in your home. But you can be arrested at home without a warrant if fast action is needed to prevent you from escaping, destroying evidence, endangering someone's life or seriously damaging property.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> The warrant must be signed by a magistrate or judge, who must have good reason to believe that you, whom the warrant names, committed a crime. Once an arrest warrant is issued, any law enforcement officer in the state can arrest you - even if the officer does not have a copy of the warrant. Generally, there is no time limit on using a warrant to make an arrest.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> Before entering your home, a law enforcement officer must knock and identify himself or herself and tell you that you are going to be arrested. If you refuse to open the door - or if there is another good reason - the officer can break in through a door or window.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> If the police have an arrest warrant, you should be allowed to see it. If they don't have the warrant with them, you should be allowed to see it as soon as practical.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /><br /> The police may search the area within your reach. If you are arrested outdoors, they may not search your home or car.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> Resisting an arrest or detention is a crime. If you resist arrest, you can be charged with a misdemeanor or felony in addition to the crime for which you are being arrested. If you resist, an officer can use force to overcome your resistance or prevent your escape. The officer can even use deadly force if it appears you will use force to cause great bodily injury.</span></div>
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<b><u><span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">When Can I Be Released?</span></u></b><span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> If, during the questioning and before a charge is filed, the police are convinced that you have not committed a crime, they will give you a written release. Your arrest then will be considered a detention and not recorded as an arrest.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /><br /><b><u>What Is Bail And How Is It Set</u></b>?</span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> The amount of bail - money or other security deposited with the court to insure that you will appear - is set by a schedule in each state. You may be notified that you can forfeit or give up bail instead of appearing in court if you receive a traffic citation. However, if you have any doubt, go to court so a warrant is not issued for your arrest for failing to appear. Bail forfeiture does not apply to misdemeanors or felonies. Forfeiting bail does not mean that the charges are dropped and usually works as a conviction for a traffic offense. Officers at the jail may be able to accept bail. If you cannot post or put up the bail, you will be kept in custody.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">When you are taken to court for bail setting or release, the judge will consider the seriousness of the offense you are charged with, any prior failures to appear, any previous record, your connections to the community, as well as the probability that you will appear in court. </span></div>
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<b><u><span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">When Can An Officer Conduct A Search?</span></u></b><span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">An officer always may only make a search with either your consent or a search warrant. You have a right, however, to see the warrant before the search begins.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /><br /><b><u>When Can An Officer Search You, Your Home Or Your Car Without A Warrant?</u></b></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">Body Searches:</span></b><span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> If you are arrested, an officer can search you, without a warrant, for weapons, evidence or illegal or stolen goods. Strip searches should not be conducted for offenses that do not involve weapons, drugs or violence unless police reasonably suspect you are concealing a weapon or illegal goods and they have authorization from the supervising officer on duty. If you are booked and jailed, you may undergo a full body search, including body cavities.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">Home Searches:</span></b><span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> In emergencies, such as when an officer may be trying to prevent someone from destroying evidence, your home can be searched without your consent and without a warrant. If you are taken into custody in your home, an officer without a warrant can search only the limited area in which you are arrested. Other rooms - and even other parts of the same room - are off limits, unless the officer believes that other suspects are hiding in other rooms. While searching your home, an officer can seize evidence of any crime, such as stolen property or drugs that is in plain sight.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">Car Searches.</span></b><span style="color: #002060; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> Your car and trunk can be searched without your consent or a warrant if an officer has good reason to believe it contains illegal or stolen goods or evidence. If the police stop your car for any legal reason - such as a broken tail light - they can take any illegal goods in plain sight.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/"><span style="color: #00b0f0;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">By - Adv. R. P. Rathod.</span></span></a></span></i></b></div>
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<span class="MsoHyperlink"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/"><span style="color: #00b0f0;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Advocate High Court, Mumbai.</span></span></a></span></i></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></i></b></div>
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</div><div class="blogger-post-footer">I am a Lawyer at Mumbai High Court. I practise in Civil Laws: Property, Income Tax, Co-operative Law, Consumer Law are the subject of my interest. I like to do Legal reasearch Works.
If you need any Help from me, post a comment here along with your E-mail address. I shall revert to you as soon as Possible.</div>Adv. R. P. Rathodhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03252274044322684563noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30333560.post-1151411441912814352006-06-27T17:55:00.001+05:302012-06-15T16:13:50.637+05:30Seeds of Corruption – A reality check for India<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #4f6228; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Seeds of Corruption – A reality check for India</span></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #262626; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><b><i><span style="color: #262626; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/"><span style="color: #262626; text-decoration: none;">Adv. R. P. Rathod.</span></a></span></i></b></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #262626; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;">Advocate High Court, Mumbai.</span></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #262626; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> <span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">We all shout from the rooftop all about corruption pointing finger to others, without introspection. Corruption is now spreading like cancer gradually most of the people in our country are not only corrupt in their public and domestic life but in their work place, avocation and but also in mind. It has now become part and parcel of our day to day our life and we are accepting the same as granted. It has so happened that many right thinking person are reacting but not acting to deal with such maladies as expected and feeling wise to keep quite out of frustrating situation and environment created by corrupt people and system around them and are withdrawing themselves without raising their voice.</span></span></div>
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<a name='more'></a><span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> It is very easy but equally also difficult to eradicate the corruption in India. The easy thing is to formulate the rules and regulation but harder is to implement them. Because we lay rules for others not for us. Purposely we will have loop holes which could be helpful to us. If at all we, the people of India don’t have genuineness, honest and passionate in national interest, we cannot eradicate the menace of corruption.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Each one of us must really worry about this issue because it is an issue with national interest. Needless to emphasis, now days, money makes many things and also buys many things. We lost our traditional way of life, we start saying no money! no honey! There are so many things above and apart from money.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> We all want our jobs to be done on timely and we don’t bother about others, we pay extra for it, because we are sound enough to do that. Ultimately we blame the person who gets the benefit of loot. Always the story starts with us not with others. </span></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">We need to start washing our hand with holiness because it is we who created all. </span></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">When there is no person to give then, where is the question of receiving? </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">You may ask when a person asks what to do? </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I say why to pay? </span></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">First make yourself clean then we talk about Corruption.</span></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> The Life span of human is decreasing day by day. Earlier the Life span of a human was estimated at 100 years this is now changed and is to be replaced with 50 or 60 years because we are not living with the nature; we are living in an artificial world. We destroyed all natural system which was helpful to mankind to live natural life. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">When we die, whether we will die with peace of mind? </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">or will feel happy about our life…?</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> No idea. But when I die, I will think whether I lived in this world happily or not. Of course we cannot carry anything when we leave the world, but good feelings and blessings; will certainly go with us. I don’t know and am not sure where I will go after this world but I believe to certain extent to the old records in the world.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Next thing which induce to corrupt people is inflation when the buying capacity of the money goes down the people looks for better places to make easy money. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Our ancestors were always great because they never had this non-sense currency usage, only barter system. I agree there also we had corruption but not greater extent because things given in barter system cannot be preserved for many years. Hence there were little problem. We may have to think about the same system now but in different manner.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Everywhere people want money in addition to the routine income sources to enjoy the life. Those who in the spiritual life will agree to me that, we are travelers and targeting to some place which is not in this world, but we are crossing this world to reach the destination. Why all these stress and problems to procure bribe or whatever name called for corruption. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> One idea strikes in my mind that on particular day, the entire 100, 500 & 1000 rupee notes to be replaced with new type of notes by Indian Government through banking system in the Country. Of course there will be some extra cost to the government but ultimately it is beneficial. Government can declare that all the notes of older do not have value hence people of India have to exchange their notes with nearby nationalized banks. This will create fire in the stomach of those who got money illegally and hidden from tax accounts.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Why doesn’t the group of people those who have social interest can get together and form an association and with collaboration of anti-corruption department provide service to the nation like on behalf of their client they have to move with all Govt. or private whatever department required to be met and they can also charge fees for that. The good thing about it is when they move on behalf of the people who approach the said association paying something will not happen. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">But question is to whom to we believe? </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">No way we have to believe someone. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">So we stop blaming darkness let us lit a candle</b>. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Politics is a very good game which is being played on the head of those who do not know about the world in total. Those who entice the heard of mankind will get the power to rule them and ride them too. At last the story begins with us. It is us who are injecting the seeds of corruption in our own system. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Until we look the world with clean minds and hand. We are procuring more trouble with our cost and passing it to the shoulders of our next young generation. Those who are not of clean hands do not have any right to speak about anti-corruption. </span></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">We must be very sure that when we point one finger on the others the rest fingers get automatically pointed on us!</span></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Until we will not take step forward to remove corruption from root, the word developing country will always be attached with our country INDIA. So we the common man are solution for removing corruption from our INDIA and hence we will be also helpful in making our country developed. </span></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">We Have Tolerated Corruption for so Long now the Time has come to root it out from our system! </span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;">Lets make our Life Simpler!</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"></span></b></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">VANDE MATARAM</span></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #595959; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/"><span style="color: #595959; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">By - Adv. R. P. Rathod.</span></span></a></span></i></b></div>
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<span class="MsoHyperlink"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #595959; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://www.advocaterathod.com/"><span style="color: #595959; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Advocate High Court, Mumbai.</span></span></a></span></i></b></span><br />
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</div><div class="blogger-post-footer">I am a Lawyer at Mumbai High Court. I practise in Civil Laws: Property, Income Tax, Co-operative Law, Consumer Law are the subject of my interest. I like to do Legal reasearch Works.
If you need any Help from me, post a comment here along with your E-mail address. I shall revert to you as soon as Possible.</div>Adv. R. P. Rathodhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03252274044322684563noreply@blogger.com2